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= WELCOME TO IB CHEMISTRY 12 - HL =

First a couple of quotes:

'Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.' - Winston Churchill

'Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out.' - William Shakespeare


 * Essential Information: **

The Guide - Contains ALL the Topics you need to know -

The Data Booklet - You must have your own CLEAN copy for class and TESTS -

Some Laboratory Stuff -

**Welcome BACK!!!!**
 * Tuesday, Sept. 2, 2014**

Review of Topic 1 - Quantitative Chemistry:


 * Wednesday, Sept 3, 2014**

Group Practice of Topic 1 Problems -

Solutions to assigned problems: Section 1.4 #1, 4, 7, 9 + LR #1, 3, 6 + 1.5 #3, 4 =

Topic 5 - Energetics: Introduced the concept of exothermic and endothermic reactions, as well as, enthalpy and energy diagrams.
 * Thursday, Sept 4, 2014**

Here are some notes on the entire topics of Energetics if you are interested in reading my rambles -

Read Section 5.1 + Homework: p. 300 #1, 2, 4, 5

Completed exothermic and endothermic reactions and began discussing calorimetery.
 * Friday, Sept 5, 2014**

Looked at specific heat capacities and latent heats as measures of how the substance gains heat.

Example Problems and Homework:
 * Quiz - Topic 1 on Monday. **

Representing enthalpy changes and an introduction to enthalpy calculations.
 * Monday, Sept. 8, 2014/Tuesday, Sept. 9, 2014**

Example Problems from class:

Homework: p. 308 #1 - 3; p. 311 #9, 10; p. 319 #1, 3

Partner Practice with Enthalpy Change + Looked at how to determine the maximum temperature when a calorimeter is used.
 * Wednesday, Sept. 10, 2014**

Laboratory that we will complete tomorrow -


 * Due: Friday, Sept. 19, 2014 **

Looking for a CAS Project? Look [|HERE] for funding possibilities.

Laboratory - DCP/CE.
 * Thursday, Sept. 11, 2014**

Hess' Law as a method for determining changes of enthalpy that are difficult to complete in the laboratory.
 * Friday, Sept. 12, 2014**

Homework: p. 326 #1 - 3 + p. 329 #4, 5
 * Test - Topic 5 - Energetics - Thursday, Sept. 18, 2014 **

Hess' Law as a way of predicting enthalpy changes using standard enthalpies of formation.
 * Monday, Sept. 15, 2014**

Homework: p.335 #2, 3, 5 + p. 338 7 - 9

The concept of average bond enthalpies. Homework:
 * Tuesday, Sept. 16, 2014**

Practice Problems involving energetics -

Mini Laboratory - Determining the calorie content of a marshmallow.
 * Wednesday, Sept. 17, 2014**

More energy....yay!!!! This is the HL stuff.
 * Thursday, Sept. 18, 2014**

Discussed the concepts of entropy, spontaneity and Gibb's Free Energy. Homework: Read these ramblings on Topic 15 - I apologize wherever you see ) it means delta - TEST!!!!
 * Friday, Sept. 19, 2014**


 * Monday, Sept. 22, Tuesday, Sept. 23, Wednesday, Sept. 24:**

**IN CASE OF BIRTH COMPLETE THIS.....**
When our new baby is born I will be away for 3 school days. These are not to be wasted days....we do not have any time to waste! As such the goal for these three days is two fold:
 * 1) Review the concepts from Topic 2, 3, 4 and 12 (Atomic Structure Part 1 and 2, Periodicity Part 1 and Bonding Part 1..we did all of these in grade 11 so have those notes handy.)
 * 2) Complete the ISU on Topic 13. I will of course go over the most salient points, but the bulk of this section is memorization. You will submit the answer to the attached question upon my arrival back to school on the fourth day.

To help you review the material from Topic 2, 3, 4 and 12 AND learn the material from Topic 13 please make use of the following resources below.

My Notes:

PowerPoint Presentations at the following websites created by Martin Brakke(use links along side to navigate) AND by [|Newbury High School].

What you need to submit:

Complete the concepts of entropy and Gibb's Free Energy.
 * Thursday, Sept. 25, 2014**

The Born - Haber Cycle - Enjoy all the definitions :(. Quiz - Topic 15: Friday, Oct. 3rd, 2014
 * Tuesday, Sept. 30, 2014**

Homework: Read this document and complete Problems 1 - 7 + 12 - 14 at the end of this document -

Introduction to designing a laboratory -
 * Wednesday Oct. 1, 2014 + Thursday, Oct. 2, 2014**

Please read the following notes to help you determine possible factors that may affect the rate of reaction -
 * Quiz - Tomorrow - Topic 15 (Standard Enthalpies of Formation, Entropy, Spontaneity, Gibb's Free Energy, Born Haber Cycle. **

Quest - Topic 15 + Introduction to Rates of Reactions
 * Friday, October 3, 2014**

Design Laboratories - D, DCP, CE
 * Monday, Oct. 6/Tuesday, Oct. 7/Wednesday, Oct. 8/Thursday, Oct. 9**

This document is what I send to IB explaining what I am looking for with respect to each aspect I hope this helps in the completion of your laboratories -
 * Lab Report - D, DCP, CE - DUE: Tuesday, Oct. 21 (use your time wisely :) ) **

Explaining factors that affect rates of reactions using collision theory.
 * Friday, Oct. 10, 2014**

Homework:

Quantitative Chemical Kinetics - Rate Laws
 * Tuesday, Oct. 14, 2014 + Wednesday, Oct. 15, 2014**

Homework: p. 377 #2 - 6 + p. 381 #2

Mini Lab - Determining the order for a chemical reaction - Laboratory completed, analyzed and submitted by the end of class.
 * Thursday, Oct. 16, 2014**

Reaction Mechanisms - How chemical reactions usually occur as a series of simple elementary steps.
 * Friday, Oct. 17, 2014**



Completed the reaction mechanism worksheet.
 * Monday, Oct. 20, 2014**

Homework: Complete the Reaction Mechanism Worksheet including the deduction of the rate law for problems 8 and 10.

Arrhenius Equation - a way to determine the rate constant knowing activation energy and temperature. Homework: Handout -
 * Tuesday, Oct. 21, 2014**

Discussed the Laboratory that we will complete tomorrow - Worked on Practice Problems Related to Topic 16 -
 * Wednesday, Oct. 22, 2014**

Changed the lab due to uncooperative starch indication
 * Thursday, Oct. 23 + Friday, Oct. 24, 2014**

Now the reaction is a redox reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid.

Remember each group is to complete at least 5 different temperatures 2 times each and then share with one other group.

This laboratory will be due on Friday, Oct. 31 and will only include the DCP Section.

Here is some more practice problems for Topic 16 -


 * TEST - Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2014 **

Introduction to Redox Reactions + Oxidation Numbers Homework -
 * Monday, Oct. 27, 2014**
 * Go through the definitions of a reduction and oxidation in terms of 'electron transfer'
 * Use SDR as initial example and bring it down into the net ionic equation and what exactly is occurring in the beaker as shown by this [|ANIMATION]
 * Introduce the concept of oxidation numbers (oxidation states) as a method for electron book keeping (this is one of those TOK examples of whether Oxidation numbers actually exist or not).[[file:What is an oxidation state.pdf]]


 * Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2014**
 * TEST DAY - BOO LA LA!!!**

Let's Flip it - For Wednesday you are to watch this [|VIDEO] regarding oxidizing agents and reducing agents and answer the following by making them into a nice pretty note. Leave some space around each to add in anything else we mention in class.
 * 1) Write a definition for a reducing agent and an oxidizing agent
 * 2) What happens to the oxidation number of the reducing agent? Of the oxidizing agent?
 * 3) In the reaction of Magnesium with copper (II) sulfate identify the oxidizing agent and reducing agent
 * 4) Looking at the periodic table what type of elements do you think would be good oxidizing agents? Good reducing agents? Explain your reasoning.
 * 5) Could the chlorine ion ever act as an oxidizing agent? Why or why not? How good of a reducing agent do you think the chlorine ion would be?

Oxidizing Agents and Reducing Agents
 * Wednesday, Oct. 29, 2014**
 * Went over discussion questions
 * Why is it that oxyions containing transition metals are capable of being such good oxidizing agents.
 * Would lithium aluminum hydride be a good oxidizing agent or reducing agent?

Began to look at balancing redox reactions.

Take up Discussion Question regarding RA and OA and Finish Balancing Redox Reactions both in acidic and basic solutions
 * Friday, Oct. 31, 2014**
 * To balance reactions using the half reaction method we must ensure that the number of electrons lost by the oxidized element is gained by the reducing element.
 * Explain the need for acidic solution (i.e. it is a source of hydrogen ions)

Homework: Worksheet - - Please attempt them all using only the half reaction method.

Spontaneity:
 * Monday, Nov. 3, 2014**
 * Discuss the electric potential of a half reaction with reference to a hydrogen half cell
 * The reaction that will occur will be between the strongest oxidizing agent and the strongest reducing agent
 * The reaction will only be spontaneous if the total electric potential is positive. This is simply a result of how we defined electric potential to begin with.

Homework: p. 678 #11 + p. 679 #15, 16, 18, 19 + p. 682 #24

The Voltaic Cell
 * Tuesday, Nov. 4, 2014**
 * Uses a spontaneous chemical reaction to generate electricity
 * Comprises of two half cells connected by a salt bridge
 * Discussed the terminology electrode and electrolyte
 * Predicted the voltage produced by a given voltaic cell

Homework: p. 700 #3, 5, 6, 8 + p. 708 #10, 12

Design Laboratory:
 * Wednesday, Nov. 5/Thursday, Nov. 6/Friday, Nov. 7**

PROMPT: Determine a factor that may affect the voltage produced by a voltaic cell.

Practice Problems dealing with Topic 9 Problems
 * Monday, Nov. 10, 2014**

The electrolytic cell continued....
 * Tuesday, Nov. 11, 2014**
 * Discussed how the electrolytic cell using an aqueous ionic compound differs from a molten ionic compound.
 * In order to determine the most likely reaction we look for the SMALLEST electric potential since this will be the easiest to occur. Other reactions can happen they will just occur after the easiest reaction has finished.

Homework:
 * TEST - Topics 9 and 19 - Monday, Nov. 17 **

Factors that affect the amount produced in an electrolytic cell + Standard Electric Potential conditions
 * Wednesday, Nov. 12, 2014**
 * Briefly described how the electric potential values are calculated in table 14 using the hydrogen half cell under standard conditions
 * Discussed the factors that affect the amount of product in an electrolytic cell including the charge of the ion, the current and the time elasped.

Homework:

Mini - Lab: Determining the amount of Vitamin C in Orange Juice using a titration with a redox reaction.
 * Thursday, Nov. 13, 2014**

Practice Problems for the test -

Introduction to Equilibrium:
 * Friday, Nov. 14, 2014**
 * What is a dynamic equilibrium and why do they occur
 * Reactant and Product favored equilibrium's and their meaning
 * Introduction to the use of ICE charts.

Homework:

TEST - Topics 9 and 19 - BOO LA LA!!!!
 * Monday, Nov. 17, 2014**

LeChatelier's Principle:
 * Tuesday, Nov. 18, 2014**
 * Major idea here is that Nature is lazy.
 * Cobalt Chloride solution - Self Discovery - [[file:Mini Investigation - Le Chatelier's Principle.pdf]]
 * Effect of changing concentrations, temperatures, pressures and catalysts.

Homework: p. 456 #1 - 3, 6 + p. 459 #2, 3, 4

Equilibrium Law:
 * Wednesday, Nov. 19, 2014**
 * Using the balanced chemical equation to determine the equilibrium constant
 * The equilibrium constant is a value that always holds true for a given reaction (at a constant temperature) since a given reaction will always end at the same concentrations.

Handout:

Using the equilibrium constant to predict equilibrium concentrations. Homework: p. 472 #5 + 6; p. 476 #7 + 8; p. 480 #9 + 10
 * Monday, Nov. 24, 2014**
 * Reaction Quotient and its relationship to the equilibrium constant.
 * This often involves solving a linear or quadratic equation
 * Using the small equilibrium constant approximation and when it is valid.

The grade 8 math invitational....you get to all help me....yay!!!! I love math!!!!
 * Tuesday, Nov. 25, 2014**

Practice Class for dealing with equilibrium problems.
 * Wednesday, Nov. 26, 2014**

The equilibrium of acids and bases:
 * Thursday, Nov. 27, 2014**
 * Review of Bronsted Lowry Definition of acids and bases
 * Review of how dissolving salts in water can affect the pH
 * Review of pH and pOH calculations

Homework:

Water with acids and bases:
 * Friday, Nov. 28, 2014**
 * The ionic product constant for water Kw.
 * Relationship between Kw, pH, pOH, [H3O+] and [OH-]
 * Affect of temperature on the value of Kw.
 * The Ka, Kb values for acid/base equilibrium and their relationship to Kw.


 * Monday, Dec. 1, 2014**
 * Completing non - equilibrium pH and pOH problems with strong and weak acids/bases
 * Determining pH and pOH when salts are dissolved in water.
 * Homework: p. 549 (top) #17 - 19 + p. 554 #1, 2 + p. 568 #7, 8 + p. 574 #12, 13

Completed 'The Test' to determine what you will be when you grow up (I feel like this is the beginning of some book). Although it may have some validity considering how natural Jacob was at helping us cross the road on our way to GLIER.
 * Tuesday, Dec. 2, 2014**

Practice Problems - Acid/Base Equilibrium -
 * Wednesday, Dec. 3, 2014**

Titration Reactions with both Strong Acid - Strong Base and Strong - Weak. Handout:
 * Thursday, Dec. 4, 2014**
 * This led to the drawings of titration curves.

Practice IB Problems equilibrium
 * Friday, Dec. 5, 2014**

The concept of a buffer -
 * Monday, Dec. 6, 2014**

Not much...many of you are away on the DIA field trip.
 * Tuesday, Dec. 7, 2014**

Chemical Indicators -
 * Wednesday, Dec. 8, 2014**

Final Practice Session.
 * Thursday, Dec. 9, 2014**

Topic 17 - Phase Equilibrium
 * Friday, Dec. 12, 2013**
 * Heterogeneous equilbria and why we do not include solids/liquids
 * Liquid - Vapour equilibria in water
 * What is evaporation and the factors that affect it
 * Factors affect the liquid - vapour equilibria in water.


 * Monday, Dec. 15, 2014**
 * TEST - Topic 18 (which assumes knowledge of topic 8) **

Liquid - Vapour Equilibrium, vapour pressure and how it affects boiling point.
 * Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2014**

Some Timed Partner Practice.
 * Wednesday, Dec. 17, 2014**

You will work with a partner or in a group of 3 and you will have 1 hour exactly to complete the multiple choice section of the May 2008 HL Time Zone 2 Exam. This is purely for review/formative purposes. You will not complete #15, 36 - 40 (Those are topic 14 and Organic Questions).

Some Timed Partner Practice.
 * Thursday, Dec. 18, 2014**

You will work with a partner or in a group of 3 and you will have 1 hour exactly to complete the multiple choice section of the May 2009 HL Time Zone 1 Exam. This is purely for review/formative purposes. You will not complete #7, 12, 13, 33 - 39.

Merry Christmas !!!! Have an awesome Break!!!
 * Friday, Dec. 19, 2014**

Begin Topic 14 - Review of VSEPR Theory and the associated geometries
 * Monday, Jan. 5, 2015**
 * Need to memorize the geometries found here - [[file:VSEPR Geometries.pdf]]
 * Be able to draw Lewis Dot Structure AND the three dimensional structures
 * Be able to explain the bond angles and their relative size.

Homework:

Hybridization - A model for explaining molecular geometries
 * Tuesday, Jan. 6, 2015**
 * Understand the reasoning to introduce hybridization
 * The concept of sigma and pi bonds
 * Hybridization only occurs with sigma bonds since pi bond require overlap sideways

Homework -

The concept of electron delocalization and resonance and practice problems.
 * Wednesday, Jan. 7, 2015:**

The wonderful world of benzene and practice problems.
 * Thursday, Jan. 8, 2015:**

The Review assignment - and first in class work period.
 * Friday, Jan 9, 2015:**

QUEST - Topic 14
 * Monday, Jan. 12, 2015:**

In class work periods for the review project.
 * Tuesday, Jan 13/Wednesday, Jan 14, 2015:**

Presentations of the review projects.
 * Thursday, Jan. 15/Friday, Jan. 16/Monday, Jan 19:**

Final days of review for the exam!!!!  code z3c7j3q8 code
 * Tuesday, Jan. 20/Wednesday, Jan. 21/Thursday, Jan. 22:**